A Retrieved Reformation

Unit -02 (1) A Retrieved Reformation .

Question ; (Meena A Bhil ) 

1) Write detailed note on Retrieved Reformation 

2) Character Sketch of Jimmy Valentine .

meenakshreebhil@gmail.com.

Introduction ....

"A good story is like a bitter pill with the sugar coating inside of it " 

                      O Henry was an American short story writer .He was born in Carolina .He was mostly famous for his short stories like " The Gift Of The Magi" In his short stories the plot twist at the end .

  His Works ....

       1) The last Leaf 

                 2) The Gift Of The Magi .

                        3) A Retrieved Reformation .

About the story "A Retrieved Reformation" ...

 This story was written by O Henry . This story focus on "How Jimmy Valentine was an expert in breaking the safe .No One was an able to catch him.

In the story we find Jimmy Valentine falls in love with Annabel .His love transform him .Ben Price also thought beyond his job as a human being. 

Summary of "A Retrieved Reformation " 

Governer : You relased soon .

Jimmy Valentine : ( Looking Tired ) .

               A Retrieved Reformation is a short story written by O Henry .This story focus on How Jimmy Valentine became a humble person .This stroy also Focus  on How a sharp detective became humble toward Jimmy. 

Discription of the prison .

                   In the beginning of the story , there was the description of the prison.Jimmy was doing his work at that time one governer came and said ...

Governer : Prisoner No 9762 ..

                     You released soon .

Jimmy.      : ( Looking tired ) Don't do anything. 

                   Finally , Jimmy released from the prison where the governer gave him some new clothes and money .Jimmy took the fresh air .so, First Jimmy look at the sky and enjoy the freedom .

Jimmy Valentine at Mike Dolan 's Cafe....

                  After going at Restaurant he reached at his friends cafe where he met Mike .He went his room and saw the things . Everything was well organised and clean .

               In the room he put his bed in the middle and open the secret wall where he took a suitcase which is full of safe cracking tools .

 Mike : I think , You are going to crack another safe locker .

Jimmy : Safe locker ...! No, I am working in famous bread company. 

Robberies at different cities ...

              The news spreads all over the world that there was a big robberies took place . While Jimmy released within sometime this event took place.

- 1 week - Robbery in Richmond .

- 2 week - Robbery in Logan Sport .

- 3 week - Robbery in Jefferson City .

           So , It is a clear that this all robberies were done by Jimmy but there was no any evidence .Ben price hired to slove this mystery .

Jimmy Valentine at Elmore ....

            Jimmy Valentine moved at Elmore where he decided to open a shop. He changes his identity as a " Ralph, D Spencer and stay there. 

Jimmy Valentine falls in love with Annabel ...

            While Jimmy Valentine moved at Elmore where he saw beautiful Annabel , The daughter of banker .After seeing her , He decided to forget his old life as a safe cracker .

            Within one year he makes many friends and engaged with Annabel .

Jimmy Valentine's life changed  ..

              Jimmy Valentine's life has changed by this accident .While Jimmy decided to give his tools to his friend .They  gathered at bank .Mr Adams show off the new safe , whose door operates on a clock relase with mechanism .

           Accidentally , Agatha shuts inside the safe .Annabel said Jimmy to do something. While all attampt failed at that time .Jimmy takes off his jacket and forgetting his new identity as Ralph D Spencer and restarting his old identity as Jimmy Valentine .

At the end of the story ....

         Now , At the end of the story Agatha is free . Jimmy walks out of the bank .He meets Ben Price at the door .Jimmy made his mind to go prison . But strangely , 

Ben Price : Sorry for disturbance ...

                     I search of Jimmy Valentine and You 

                      are Ralph D Spencer ...

          

 

How Much Land Does A Man Need

Compulsory English sem 01  (Meena A Bhil) 

Unit 02 How much Land Does A Man Need !

How Much Land Does A Man Need ! 

Question : 

૧) Describe the greed of the man in this short story .

૨) Character Sketch of Pakhom .

૩) Significant of the Dream .

૪) Describe the conversation between Pakhom and lady land owner . 

5) Write a detailed note on How Much Land Does a man need ! . 

This blog tries to justify the above mentioned question ......

How much land does a man need !

Introduction ;

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            " How much land does a 

              man needs !!

               Six feets from his head 

                to his heels was all he 

                 needed " 

          Leo Tolstoy was a Russian writer who wrote several novels and short Stories .He strongly believed in " Christian beliefs " He wrote famous short stories like ; 

           His Works

                - War and peace 

                    - How much land does a man need !

   About the story " How much land does a man need : 

       How much land does a man need is a short story which was written by Leo Tolstoy . This story focused on the greed of a man .In the story there was one character who's greed never satisfied in the story which lead him the reason of his death 

        This is a story of Pakhom . Pakhom doesn't having any control on his greed . He wants more and more land .This show his desire for land . 

               "If I had plenty of land, I shouldn't fear the Devil himself" 

        "So let's discuss how pakhom's greed 

                  Significant his decay " 

1) Physical Appearance of Pakhom :

         Pakhom was the protagonist character in the short story " How much land does a man need " . Pakhom was a peasant , a farmer . In the beginning of the story Pakhom described as a ; 

                     " Hard Working man " 

        But later he desires land of his own .In fact , He boasts that if he had enough land , he would not fear the devil's himself . Pakhom manages to borrow enough money to buy land of his own. We can say that. 

                       " Pakhom was a man 

                                    Who never satisfied"

2) The meeting between Pakhom and lady land owner ;

          There was the conversation about lady land owner and Pakhom . She is a lady who lived close to the village of the peasant .land owner also had an estate of lands of about three (3) hundred acres . So , there was the conversation between them and finally , Pakhom convinced the lady land owner and purchased the land . 

              " This conversations show the greed 

                    of never stopping man ( Pakhom) " 

3) The meeting between Bakshir Chief and Pakhom:

         One day , one dealer stops by his farm to get some feeds for his horse . He tells him about Bakshir's . Pakhom decided to meet the Bakshir's chief , he prepared some gifts for him . The chief accepted them and seated himself in the place of honour . The chief told Pakhom , he could choose whatever piece of land he liked ; 

              " The price was always the same ; 

                      One thousand rubles a day ......

4) Significant of the dream :

           After the deal Pakhom went to his tent to sleep . He lay on a feather bed but could not sleep .He kept thinking about the land .He awake all night and dozed off only just before down , When he had dream .In his dream he saw he was lying in that same tent and heard the daring sound outside the tent . 

          In his dream he saw Devil who was laughing in front of him and he was laying as death on the ground ...... 

          " His dream was a clear warning but 

            he could not understand it just because 

            of his greed" 

5) Moral of the story :

                 " Six feet from his head to his heels 

                                   was all he needed " 

              The moral of the story depicted the greed of the man . How a man became greedy just because of the land . The moral of the clearly mentioned in the title of the story.   

6) Character in the story 

In the story there are some major and some are minor characters.  Major characters are like , 

                          1) Pakhon 

                          2) Bakshir 

Minor characters like ,  The lady Land Owners ..

7) Theme 

In this story the theme is greed and power . 

During the story we find the greedy character like pakhom who need money and money.  He wants more and more land this greed lead him towards his death .  

6) To Sum up ; 

           At the end of the story , I mentioned How a wealth became the reason of someone's death .so I want to put one quotes that , 

           " Satisfied in each and every moment in. 

               your life otherwise having the same 

               Candition as Pakhom" 

            

         

           

    

     

            

Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens As Novelist ....

    Brief Overview ....

 The most important thing in life is to stop saying " I wish "and start saying " I will". ( David Copperfield)

Dickens was an English writer and social critic He was born on 7 Feb in 1812 and died on 9 June 1870 at the age of 58. Dicken was the foremost English novelist of the Victorian Age .

 His Notable Works .....

1)  The Pickwick papers ( 1836) 

       2) Oliver Twist (1838) 

             3) Nicholas Nickleby ( 1839) 

                  4) A tale of two cities ( 1859) 

                         5) David Copperfied (1849-1850) 

 His achievement....

Audie Award for literary fiction & classics 

He won the Nobel Peace Prize from Jaclyn Gonzales . 

Dickens as a novelist .....

               He was the greatest novelist .He wrote great novel based on social issues like ...

         - Pickwick papers. 

           - Oliver Twist .

           - The  Great Expectations .

          - Bleak House .

            He was master in great story telling . 

His Greatest Novels .....

He wrote great novels which helped him a lot to achieve fame and name like ....

       - Pickwick papers 

       - A tale of two cities 

       - David Copperfield 

       - Bleak House 

       - The Great Expectations 

       - Oliver Twist 

His Great Short Stories .....

He wrote great short Stories like ...

       - The Lamplighter 

       - A child's Dream Of A Star .

      - Captain Murderer .

      - To be read at Dusk .

      - The Long Voyage .

His Masterpieces ....

1) Pickwick papers ...

This is the first novel written by Charles Dickens . The main idea of the novel is ..

        - Joys of travel 

         - Pleasures of eating ..

         - Pleasures of drinking well etc. 

2) Oliver Twist ....

Oliver Twist was written by him . The main idea is the battles between Good Vs Evil . Another theme is like 

          - Love 

          - Hate 

          - Greed 

          - Revenge ...

3) The Great Expectations ...

This novel was also written by him .The main theme of the novel is Loyalty .... Wealth ....and Class. 

4)  David Copperfield ....

The story is about the life of David Copperfied . David 's father died for six months before he was born; for this reason he lives with his mother and his nanny, Peggotty . Seven years later his mother re - married a man , Edward Murdstone . He sends him to a school in which they are very strict.

His Characters ....

         -  The Normal 

         - The Abnormal 

         - Satirical ..

         - The Villains 

 

George Barnard Shaw ( Playwright)

  Brief Overview :

         

         " Beware of false knowledge

 It is more dangerous than ignorance                                 

                                         - George Barnard Shaw 

              George Barnard Shaw was born on 26 July 1856 at Dublin , Ireland . He was an Irish comic Dramatist , Literary critic and Sociologist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1925 . He died at the age of 94 in England .

                  His Notable Works : 

                 1)  Arms and the man

                          2) Saint Joan 

                                  3) Pygmalion

              His Achievements : 

               1)  Oscar Award - 1938 

                        2)  Academy Award - 1939

                                 3) Nobel Prize - 1925

             His Early Life …

Shaw was born in Dublin . He was the youngest child and only son of George Shaw . The Shaw family was well known in Ireland . This shows that his family background is quite wealthy. 

          His early career .. 

      " I never learned anything in a school " 

At the age of 16 he worked as a clerk in the office. In London , British museum -Where he spent most of his time in writing & reading . 

         His Plays …

 His Plays were divided into two parts: pleasant play and unpleasant play.   

Pleasant Plays ….

       1) Arms & The man 

            2) Candida 

                3) The man of Destiny 

Unpleasant plays …

        1) The philanderer 

             2) Mrs.Warren Profession .

His works ….

Arms & The man …

It was a humorous play . The main theme of the play is love and war . This play shows the futility of war . So , This is an important play by Shaw . 

Candida …..

It was a comedy about James and his wife Candida . This was great work by Shaw . 

The philanderer ..

This play was also written by Shaw . Shaw includes two endings in the play . 

Divorce and marriage are the main themes in the play . 

Mrs. Warren profession …

It was a great novel written by Shaw . The main character in the play is Mrs.Kitty Warren . 

Ideas of plays …

He said that ideas are the most important part of his plays . 

He said that drama used for the betterment of man 

His characters ..

After Shakespeare no English dramatist equaled him but Shaw also described his vivid and mysterious characters on the stage . 

 His memorable characters .

       Eliza Doolittle ( Pygmalion ) 

              Straker ( Man and superman ) 

                 Sir Ralph Bloomfiled ( Doctor's Dilemma ) 

His Dialogue …

He wrote dialogues with the highest order . He was a brilliant talker , So he used his god gift . His Dialogue is more memorable . It makes a good impression on the mind of the reader . 

His Dramatic Techniques 

He has a keen sense of stage and wrote into the subject matter of the play . He was a master of tricks and surprises . 

Summary of the play Pygmalion

                             

             Summary Of The Play Pygmalion  

          

meenakshreebhil@gmail.com

  Brief Overview 

Beware of false knowledge

 It is more dangerous than ignorance 

                                           - George Barnard Shaw

George Barnard Shaw was born on 26 July 1856 at Dublin , Ireland . He was an Irish comic Dramatist , Literary critic and Sociologist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1925 . He died at the age of 94 in England . 

  His Notable Works : 

          1) Arms and the man

                2) Saint Joan 

                      3) Pygmalion

    His Achievements : 

           1) Oscar Award - 1938 

                  2) Academy Award - 1939

                       3) Nobel Prize - 1925 

      About the play " Pygmalion " 

             " I sold flowers I didn't sell myself . Now you have made a lady of me I am not fit to sell anything else " 

              Pygmalion was written by George Barnard Shaw . It was a Greek mythology . It was divided into 5 acts . " Pygmalion A Romance in 5 acts " .In Ancient Greek mythology , Pygmalion the king of Cyprus , also a sculptor, fell in love with the Ivory statue of a beautiful woman that he created . Eliza falls to convince people into believing that she is now Duchess by changing her appearance . 

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Act Wise Summary of The Play Pygmalion 



Act 01 ..

              " Higgins, a professor of Phonetics , is taking notes about the dialects spoken in that area " 

                     The starting act is set near a garden outside .All the scenes occur in the same setting .We are introduced to Clara and her mother .They are waiting for her brother Freddy to arrange transportation to return home . Freddy is frustrated .Eliza takes the opportunity and takes the cab and exits the space . 

Act 02.....

         She offers to pay for her lesson " 

                  In the second act the story continues with Higgins and Pickering having a conversation at the former's residence . Eliza claims to learn and improve her language skills . She offers to pay the tuition fees to Higgins . 

              " He will teach her to speak standard English so that no one will be able to tell her from a member of the Lower class " 

Act 03......

       " Mrs .Higgins worries about what will 
    happen to Eliza when the experiment 
              is over " 

           A few months pass after the event at the end of the second act and the story resumes at the Higgins residence.Mrs.Higgins the mother of Mr. Higgins is greeted by his experiment to his mother . 

Act 04 ......
   
             " He has taken Eliza to an Embassy Hall in London " .

             Several months later Higgins won his bet . He has taken Eliza to an Embassy bull in London where she mingled with the upper classes . She realises that Higgins is only interested in his own success and has no consideration as a human being when she leaves his house . 

Act 05.......
 
     " Eliza shows she has a will of her own " 

             Next day at Mrs.Higgins house , Mrs. Higgins scolds Higgins and Pickering for how they have treated Eliza and reveals that Eliza is there . She will become a teacher of phonetics , stealing everything . She has learned from him in order to take care of his clients .

 

To Sum Up ......

We can say that Pygmalion is the greatest play written by Shaw . 

" Pygmalion is the greatest mythological play by him " 

           

Henry Higgins

Character sketch Of Henry Higgins 

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Beware of false knowledge

                    It is more dangerous than ignorance.     

  

- George Barnard Shaw                         

  

              George Barnard Shaw was born on 26 July 1856 at Dublin , Ireland . He was an Irish comic Dramatist , Literary critic and Sociologist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1925 . He died at the age of 94 in England . 

                   His Notable Works : 

        1) Arms and the man

               2)  Saint Joan 

                       3) Pygmalion

                       His Achievements : 

           1) Oscar Award - 1938 

                 2) Academy Award - 1939

                       3) Nobel Prize - 1925 

                 About the play " Pygmalion " 

              " I sold flowers I didn't sell myself . Now you have made a lady of me I am not fit to sell anything else " 

              Pygmalion was written by George Barnard Shaw . It was a Greek mythology . It was divided into 5 acts . " Pygmalion A Romance in 5 acts " .In Ancient Greek mythology , Pygmalion the king of Cyprus , also a sculptor, fell in love with the Ivory statue of a beautiful woman that he created . Eliza falls to convince people into believing that she is now Duchess by changing her appearance . 

In the play Pygmalion there are some major and some minor characters .. Major characters like ... .Mr.Higgins...Eliza Doolittle etc some are minor characters like Pickering , Freddy , Clara etc …

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Mr.Higgins ….

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Mr.Higgins is the protagonist as well as professor of phonetics . He was the rude and arrogant character in the play . Let's discuss it in detail 

 Mr.Henry Higgins as a protagonist ..

Professor Higgins is the professor of phonetics .He was brilliant , educated and a talented intellectual .He has great achievements in his field Higgins is socially incompetent . He was bad at social work .He was bad in everyone, especially Eliza . He is like a bully .Mr.Higgins is bachelor .He was a woman hater who treated women as trash. 

" He treats Eliza as an inhuman object without feeling " 

Higgins as a professor of phonetics .

Mr. Higgins is a professor of phonetics . So , He spent all his time teaching and learning . He learnt how to speak as a Duchess .While he sees Eliza Doolittle ,He makes her laugh . He studies different dialects .He is an expert in studying dialects .He was an intelligent man . 

 Higgins as a rude & Arrogant ..

Professor Henry Higgins was rude and arrogant . He was rude towards Eliza .In the beginning of the play , We find the conversation between Higgins and Eliza . 

While Henry met a flower girl, he behaved very rudely with her . 

Eliza : I will pay you for the tuition . 

Henry : I don't want to teach you . 

This shows his rude and arrogant nature . 

Careless without feelings ….

Mr. Higgins is careless about others feelings .He was a professor of phonetics .so, he spent all his time teaching and learning . Eliza shows her affection towards him but in reality , Higgins wants to succeed to win the bat only . So , He was careless about others' feelings . 

His behaviour towards Eliza …

His behaviour towards Eliza was very rude .He didn't have any feelings for her .He just wanted to do the experiment on her. In the beginning of the play he was not behaving well with her but later at the end of the play he realised his mistake . 

In the beginning , He treats her as inhuman . This shows his behaviour towards Eliza . 

Pro .Higgins succeeded in transforming Eliza ...

Henry Higgins succeeded in his bat with Pickering He was doing very much effort to treat her well . He gives her well clothes. He taught her how to speak in parties .He took her to standard parties . Now , She was able to communicate with others . She treats like a Duchess .She also handles many customers of Higgins . This shows that Higgins won the bat 

To Sum Up ....

Thus, Henry Higgins is the protagonist character in the play Pygmalion . He was rude and arrogant character . Shaw described the different aspects of Higgins characters .

Pygmalion Play

     Critical Appreciation of the play Pygmalion which was written by George Barnard Shaw ......

Hello ! Reader I am writing this blog in order to justify the quest of my students who need the proper answer of the particular topic so , I hope you understood this mentioned topic .

 Question ( write a critical Appreciation of the play Pygmalion / write a detail note on the play Pygmalion ) 

• Introduction 

   

" Beware of false knowledge ; 

      It is more dangerous than                ignorance "                               

                                      

                             - George Barnard Shaw 

               George Barnard Shaw was born on 26 July 1856 at Dublin , Ireland . He was an Irish comic Dramatist , Literary critic and Sociologist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1925 . He died at the age of 94 at England . 

•      His Notable Works : 

  -  Arms and the man

- Saint Joan 

           -  Pygmalion

•    His Achievements : 

 - Oscar Award - 1938 

-  Academy Award - 1939

- Nobel Prize - 1925 

•    About the play " Pygmalion " 

              " I sold flowers I didn't sell myself . Now you have made a lady of me I am not fit to sell anything else " 

              Pygmalion was written by George Barnard Shaw . It was a Greek mythology . It was divided into 5 acts . " Pygmalion A Romance in 5 act " .In Ancient Greek mythology , Pygmalion the king of Cyprus , also a sculpture fell in love with Ivory statue of a beautiful woman that he created . Eliza falls to convince people into believing that she is now Duchess by changing her appearance . 

        

•      Title : 

             " Title refers the name of a

 book , composition or other ( any)  artistic work " 

           Shaw took the title from the Greek Legend of the famous sculpture named " Pygmalion who could find nothing good in women . The full title of the play Pygmalion is " Pygmalion ..A Romance in Five Acts " .

•     Theme     

          " Theme depicts the core idea of any literary work " 

        

         In the play Pygmalion there are many theme that reflects the main idea of the play . Let's discuss the main theme of the play Pygmalion .......

1) Class

            " Class is the basis of any Society

          We all are the human being and living the society so we aware with the fact that our society is divided into classes and in the play Pygmalion we also see the effect of the class system . In the play there is the class distribution like .....

1) Upper class 

2) Middle Class 

3) Working class 

 So,           -  Upper class is reflected by Henry Higgins and Mr. Pickering etc .

      - Working class is reflected by Eliza Doolittle ....etc 

2)   Language ; 

            " Language  is  the means of Communication   and lack of Communication."

         It is the importance theme in the play Pygmalion . The language is the main elements that divides people into the class like Poor and the rich .In the play Pygmalion .....

       1) Eliza represented poverty ..

        2) Higgins represented language of Duchess ...

        Language plays very vital  role in the play Pygmalion . Language makes a bridge between 

1) Poor people .

2) Rich people .

3) Education and Intelligence ....

         Two of the plays main characters like Higgins and Pickering are academics. Early in the play Eliza is intimated and  confused by Higgins academics language . 

 Exa....         However Eliza lacks the education ...

4) Feminity and Gender Roles......

                   The title of Shaw's play is taken from the myth of Pygmalion . In This story Pygmalion scorns all the women around him . The sculpture is do beautiful that he falls in love with it and it comes to life . So there is a clear that woman's role is not depicts much more .

Exa.........

The entire important of the character is given to Higgins instead of Eliza ...

•  Act wise summary..

Act 01 ..

              "  Higgins a professor of Phonetics , is taking notes about the dialects spoken in that  area " 

                     The starting act is set near a garden  outside .All the scenes occur in the same setting .We are introduced to Clara and her mother .They are waiting for her brother Freddy to arrange, transportation to return home . Freddy is frustrated .Eliza is taking the opportunity and take the cab and exist the space . 

Act 02.....

         She offers to pay for her lesson " 

                  In the second act the story continues with Higgins and Pickering having a conversation at the former's residence . Eliza claims to learn and improve her language skills . She offers to pay the tuition fees to Higgins . 

              " He will teach her to speak standard English so that no one will be able to tell her from a member of the Lower  class " 

Act 03......

       " Mrs .Higgins worries about what will 

    happen to Eliza when the experiment 

              is over " 

           A few months pass after the event at the end of the second act and the story resumes at the Higgins residence.Mrs .Higgins the mother of Mr. Higgins is greeted his experiment to his mother . 

Act 04 ......

   

             " He has taken Eliza to an Embassy Hall   in London " .

             Several months later Higgins has won  his bet . He has taken Eliza to an Embassy  bull in London  where she mingled with the upper classes . She realises that Higgins is only interested in his own success and has no consideration as a human being she leaves his house . 

Act 05.......

 

     " Eliza shows she has a will of her own " 

             Next day mrs .Higgins house , Mrs. Higgins scolds Higgins and Pickering for how they have treated Eliza and reveals that Eliza is there . she will became a teacher of phonetics , stealing everything . She has learned from him in order to take his clients .

           

•        Setting ........

      

    " Setting describes where the action takes  places" 

              Pygmalion is set in London in the early 1900s century . The setting of the play like 

            1) st. Paul's in covent Garden ....

            2) Higgins Laboratory ....

            3) Drawing Room ....

            4) Wimpole Street ..... 

•       Structure : 

           The play Pygmalion was written by George Barnard Shaw . It was written into five acts .

Like ....

             

    

 

• Characterization  ....

  

          " Characterization means art of presenting 

             characters"

      In this play there are some major characters and some are minor characters .In this play the major characters are like 

1) Eliza 

2) Mr Higgins 

3) Pickering 

     

    In this play some are minor characters like 

     1) Freddy 

     2) Aunt etc 

    So let's discuss theme in detail 

1) Mr .Higgins ...

        Mr.Highins is the protagonist character in the play Pygmalion .He was the professor of Phonetics . He was intelligent , educated ,  talented intellectual 

Higgins is a bachelor . He is hater of woman . He was interested in humans only as subject of scientific study.

2) Eliza Doolittle ...

        She was known as a flower girls .A comman girl with a " Dreadful " accent . She wants to learn how to talk more gentle . So , She can get a job in a nice flower shop .

3) Colonel Pickering ....

           He was tender and solicitous . He calls Eliza " Miss Doolittle  " He reminds Higgins that the girl might have some sensitive feelings. 

•    Symbols.......

              " Symbols shows the poetic beauty 

                 through the symbols " 

  1) Flower Shop .....

       The flower shop symbolises the dream of Eliza. 

2) Clothing ....

     Clothing symbolises  the social status of Eliza . 

     Mrs .Pearce burns Eliza's old clothes and orders her a new wardrobe . 

3)  Mirror ...

 The mirror symbolises self awareness and identity 

 

             

Reference : 

Wikipedia 

Pygmalion text ...

 

Drama T.Y B.A English

Unit 2 

Drama by Meena A Bhil

Question - Write a detailed  note on Indian English Drama

Or

History or origin of Indian English Drama 

• Preface 

      "  It is the landmark of the development of  English Drama in india" .

              Drama is not a new form of literature in Indian English Drama . The writers also gave their contribution in Indian English Drama . Indian drama reached its highest peak during that time so we can be  considered it as a greatest era of that time .Like,

               -  Toru Dutt    

               - Rabindranath Tagore 

               - Salman Rushdie 

              -  R.K Narayan 

 

•            Origin / Background of Indian English Drama

      English Drama was started by Krishna Mohan Banerjee" with the work of "The persecuted (1837) ; it was progressive after Tagore and Sri Aurobindo

•        Indian Dramatists

  

               The history of indian drama began with the contribution of Michal Madhusudan Dutt's play ...

" Is  this called Civilization ? ( 1871) .

•     Major Dramatis;

          " There are some dramatist who gave their contribution to drama " 

There are two great dramatists like Tagore and Sri Aurobindo. 

                     1)  Rabindranath Tagor. 

 "Tagore is the essentially a river poet as well as natural poet " 

Tagore was novelist , stories , songs , dancer , dramatist and essayist . He won the Nobel prize in 1913 for Geetanjali

•             His  Drama

• Chitra 
• Sacrifice
• Chandalika
• Malini
• Post office

      -.  According to me 

" By this drama the soul of every indian would be felt  proud

             2)   Sri Aurobindo.

"Spirituality is indeed

 the master key of the Indian mind 

      He was born as Aurobindo Ghose . He was an Indian nationalist , philosopher , Yogi , Guru , and poet . He was one of the supreme masters  in Indian English literature . His poetry can be divided into two part

Poetry of action

Poetry of meditations 

His plays 

•  The mothe
• Savitri
• The life divine
• The secret of yoga
• The human cycle

              3).    P.A krishnaswami

 " Another noteworthy Dramatist"

He was the dramatist of indian English Drama He gave his contribution to Indian English Drama . He known for his unusual verse  play ; 

                   "The flute of Krishna

          4)    Haridranath Chattopadhyay...

 He has been noted for his geniusness . His most  important work are following; 

• The window
• The parrot
• The coffee

There are some characters in his play

• Saku Bai
• Mira Bai
• Jayadevi

        5).    T.P Kailasa

       "T.P Kailasam was a prominent playwright and poet 

His full name was Thanjavur Paramasiva Kailasm.He was the father of humorous play .His work divided into two categories like ; 

1) Work written in English language

2) Work written in kannada Language

 -    Works written in English Language

1) Fulfillment

2) The Brahmin's curse

3) The burden

4) The purpose

-   Work written on Kannada Language

1) Makala school mana alawa

2)  Sikarni savithri

        7)   Bharti Sarabhai ( Most Imp )

" Bharti Sarabhai is the female dramatist ".

She was the modern woman playwright during the colonial era of Indian writing in English 

•     Her play.

- The well of the peopl

-  Two women

      8).  A .S.P Ayya; 

He is the dramatist who wrote work like :

- The clutch of the devi

- The trial of science for the murder of Humanity

     9)  J.M Lobo Prab.

He is another great dramatist of Indian writing in English . He wrote dozens of plays 

-  Death Abdicate

• Another Playwright

• Mahesh Datani
• Girish karnard ( Most Imp )
• Vijay Tendulkar ( imp )

• Conclusion 

              After discussing this dramatist we conclude that Indian English Drama flourished in this field rapidly . I want to conclude that

" Indian English Drama reached its highest peak during that time" 

 

                                Hello readers ! Myself Meena Bhil I completed my Post graduation from Nadkuvarba mahila College , Bhavnagar recently . Now I am working as visiting faculty at Government Arts College , Talaja  I am writing this blog to throw some light on the given topic .so , Let's discuss ..

                      This blog tries to justify the answer of what is marginalization ? And Marginalization in Harry Potter . So, don't waste our time and move toward this topic ….

Let's move ….

• Introduction : 

               

                     J.k Rowling is a British author , Philanthropist , Film producer , Television Producer , Screen Writer . She is widely known for " Harry Potter and the series " She focused on the suspence and thriller in most of her work . So , Let's discuss about it ...

                       In this series we find the concept of marginalization . There are some characters who fall under this category so let's discuss them ...

◉ Marginalization and Harry Potter : 

         While we talk about marginalization and Harry Potter we first come to know about what is marginalization ? And what it means in this relevant topic ...so first we need to discuss the definition .

•  What is Marginalization 

               According to the Oxford Language Dictionary …… 

 Marginalization means treatments of a person , group or concept as insignificant or peripheral".

 

• The idea of Marginalization : 

The idea of Marginalization totally deals with someone ignoring another person because of race , power . They are considered as dominant in the context of them .so , in short the idea of Marginalization refers to insignificant , or peripheral . Let's see if the idea of Marginalization can be found in Harry Potter or not ?  

• Characteristics of Marginalization : 

It deals with other as discrimination and subordination .

-    Burdens given by other 

-    Less important to other

-    Considered as a peripheral 

-    Refers as ignored people 

• Elements of Marginalization in Harry Potter 

      Many scholars discussed Marginalization in Harry Potter .In Harry Potter there is a clear trace of Marginalization just because of ' Two distinct societies' .

So , In Harry Potter two distinct societies' became the reason of Marginalization . Some people may assume which two distinct societies . The answer is given below 

        

•     Two distinct societies 

            1 .Muggles 

                             2.Wizards.

 

 - Muggles are not centered on magic      

 - Wizards are center on magic 

 - Marginalized character in Harry Potter : 

      In Harry Potter there are some characters who are considered as marginalized characters just because they don't have a magical power in comparison to Wizards.

• Marginalized character like 

         Hermione Granger as a marginalized character .She is the leading marginalized character in comparison to others in Hogwarts school of witches and witchcraft .According to the series Harry Potter we come to know about her .She belonged from non - magical family as Muggle girl .Hermione 

Was marginalized based on her race .

            

" Hermione faces ignorance 

               and disgrace because of 

               racism" 

          So , Her character is a symbol of ignorance. Through her character we clearly depicted the idea of Marginalization in Harry Potter just because of racism. 

• Ignorance of Marginalized Characters in Harry Potter : 

        In the books and series ;.Harry Potter 

" Hermione is the perfect example of Marginalization" Throughout series ; she has presented with strength and weakness .As we sometime listen the saying that 

               " ખામી અને ખૂબી બંને હોય છે 

               વ્યક્તિમાં તમે શું શોધો તે મહત્વનું 

                છે"

         In the same way Hermione was always treated by her weakness as a character in Harry Potter in order to compare herself with others. In one saying there is also a idea that 

        " રેગિસ્તાનમાં તો એરંડો વૃક્ષ પણ પ્રધાન હોય છે "

 

        This above saying is deeply related with Hermione because he was an intelligent , Barve and logical mind in comparison to others but in comparison to Harry and others she seems less important in the aspects of magical power . Sometimes, while others use their magical power 

             " Heriome uses reason and logic 

                to solve her problems " 

In the Hogwart school Pro.Snap completely ignored her ….

           " Pro.snap completely ignored her

             in favour of the boys in the class ..

             Tell me , Miss Granger , Are You 

            incapable" ? 

                 

 In the beginning of the series most of the tasks are performed by Harry.She remains behind the wall .But after some time she proves herself by performing tasks .

         " It is said that sometime we have to 

            Prove ourselves to show our abilities"

   

Hermione was also ignored by Ron …

                " You are Muggle ! 

            Your mom and dad are Muggles ! 

• Significance of Hermoine as a Marginalized Character …

J.k Rowling presented Hermione as a brave , smart and intelligent woman in comparison to other female characters .But She treated as Marginalized Character in order to her non magical power . So , as a woman she is the perfect example of intelligent women . Here one question raised ; 

        How did she marginalize character ? 

        On Which basis ? 

She is a marginalized character just because of her race, ( as a Muggle girl ) not because of her intelligence . On the basis of her non-magical capacity . 

  

To sum up 

    To sum up this mention topic by explaining the difference point of view on Marginalization as well as Hermione as marginalized character in Harry Potter and the series by discussing her strength and weakness on the basis of her ignorance and non magical capacity in order to justify her as perfect example of female marginalized character not because of intelligent and smartness but just because she is the daughter of Muggle parents . 

Reference : 

Wikipedia